Garlic is the edible bulb from a plant in the lily family. It has been used as both a medicine and a spice for thousands of years.

Garlic cloves can be eaten raw or cooked. They may also be dried or powdered and used in tablets and capsules. Raw garlic cloves can be used to make oils and liquid extractextractto get, separate, or isolate a desired active ingredients.

Garlic's most common uses as a dietary supplement are for high cholesterol, heart disease, and high blood pressure.

Garlic is also used to prevent certain types of cancer, including stomach and colon cancers.

Your health care provider may have recommended this product for other conditions. Contact a health care provider if you have questions.

Some evidence indicates that taking garlic can slightly lower blood cholesterol levels; studies have shown positive effects for short-term (1 to 3 months) use. However, an NCCAM-funded study on the safety and effectiveness of three garlic preparations (fresh garlic, dried powdered garlic tablets, and aged garlic extractextractto get, separate, or isolate a desired active ingredient tablets) for lowering blood cholesterol levels found no effect.

Preliminary research suggests that taking garlic may slow the development of atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), a condition that can lead to heart disease or stroke.

Evidence is mixed on whether taking garlic can slightly lower blood pressure.

Some studies suggest consuming garlic as a regular part of the diet may lower the risk of certain cancers. However, no clinical trials have examined this. A clinical trial on the long-term use of garlic supplements to prevent stomach cancer found no effect.

Recent NCCAM-funded research includes studies on how garlic interacts with certain drugs and how it can thin the blood.

Garlic appears to be safe for most adults.

Side effects include breath and body odor, heartburn, upset stomach, and allergic reactions. These side effects are more common with raw garlic.

Garlic can thin the blood (reduce the ability of blood to clot) in a manner similar to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; e.g., Aspirin®). This effect may be a problem during or after surgery. Use garlic with caution if you are planning to have surgery or dental work, or if you have a bleeding disorder. A cautious approach is to avoid garlic in your diet or as a supplement for at least 1 week before surgery.

Garlic has been found to interfere with the effectiveness of saquinavir, a drug used to treat HIV infection. Its effect on other drugs has not been well studied.

Before taking any new medications, including natural health products, speak to your physician, pharmacist, or other health care provider. Tell your health care provider about any natural health products you may be taking.