Halitosis
(Bad Breath · Breath Odour)
In this condition factsheet:
The Facts on Halitosis
Halitosis is also referred to as oral malodor, but most of us know
it as, quite simply, "bad breath." Even though it's a comparatively
minor health problem, bad breath can be distressing and a bit of a social handicap.
We spend millions each year on efforts to freshen our breath with various gums,
sprays, and mouthwashes.
Causes of Halitosis
The most common cause of bad breath is the food you eat. Garlic, onions,
some kinds of fish, and diets rich in fat and meat can all result in halitosis.
When these foods are digested, volatile substances or chemicals are absorbed
into your bloodstream and are carried to your lungs where they are exhaled in
your breath. In one study, rubbing garlic on the feet actually caused bad breath!
The breakdown products of proteins in the body used for energy are exhaled
through the lungs, and therefore, missing meals, hunger, fasting, starvation,
and low-calorie diets can also cause "hunger breath."
Because there is no flow of saliva during sleep, putrefaction of saliva and
debris in the mouth can lead to bad breath in the morning.
Halitosis is also caused by:
- smoking
- alcohol
- dentures
- periodontal or gum disease that causes teeth to become loose, thereby creating
pockets in the gums which harbour bacteria and leads to bad breath
- chronic lung or sinus infections
- breathing through your mouth because of enlarged tonsils or adenoids
- mouth infections such as candidiasis
- systemic diseases such as diabetes, liver disease, or kidney disorders
- pregnancy
- not brushing or flossing regularly
Taking certain medications can also cause bad breath, especially those that
reduce the flow of saliva and dry out the mouth (e.g., some antidepressants,
antipsychotics, antihistamines, decongestants, and medications to reduce high
blood pressure).
Symptoms and Complications of Halitosis
The awkward irony of halitosis is that many people aren't aware that they
have it. This is because the cells in the nose that are responsible for
the sense of smell actually become unresponsive to the continuous stream of
bad odour. If you have bad breath, you may need to be told, or you may notice
the negative reaction of other people when you're just too close!
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